Practical Name: To design an inverting amplifier using the OpAmp 741 and determine its gain. Aim: To design and implement an inverting amplifier circuit using operational amplifier IC 741 and to calculate its voltage gain. Apparatus Required: Operational Amplifier IC 741 Resistors (R₁ and Rf of suitable values) Breadboard DC Dual Power Supply (+12V and […]
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Experiment No. 1 Aim: To study the V-I characteristics of a Unijunction Transistor (UJT) and to use it as a relaxation oscillator. Apparatus Required: S.No Equipment Name Quantity 1. UJT (2N2646 or equivalent) 1 2. Power Supply (0–30V DC) 1 3. Resistors (various values) As required 4. Capacitor (10 µF or as suitable) 1 5.
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Experiment No. 5 Title: Determination of e/m of an electron by Helical (Magnetron) Method Aim: To determine the charge-to-mass ratio (e/m) of an electron by observing its helical motion in a magnetic field using a magnetron-type arrangement. Apparatus Required: Magnetron or helical electron beam apparatus Power supply (DC) Uniform magnetic field source (e.g., Helmholtz coil
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Experiment No. 4 Title: Determination of wavelength difference of sodium source using Michelson Interferometer Aim: To determine the difference in wavelengths (Δλ) between the D₁ and D₂ spectral lines of sodium using a Michelson Interferometer. Apparatus Required: Michelson Interferometer Sodium vapor lamp Rotating micrometer screw Lens and optical bench Screen or eyepiece Scale for fringe
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Experiment No. 3 Title: To study the inverse square law of radiation using a photoelectric cell Aim: To verify the inverse square law of radiation intensity using a photoelectric cell and a light source. Apparatus Required: Photoelectric cell Light source (lamp or LED) Ammeter (micro-ammeter) Ruler or scale Variable power supply Light intensity measuring setup
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Experiment No. 2 Title: Verification of Bohr’s Postulates using the Frank-Hertz Experiment Aim: To verify Bohr’s theory of quantized energy levels in atoms by using the Franck-Hertz experiment with mercury vapor and observing inelastic collisions between electrons and atoms. Apparatus Required: Frank-Hertz tube filled with mercury vapor Power supply with voltage control Ammeter and voltmeter
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Experiment No. 1 Title: Determination of e/m of an electron by normal Zeeman effect using Fabry-Perot Etalon Aim: To determine the charge-to-mass ratio (e/m) of the electron by studying the splitting of spectral lines under a magnetic field using the normal Zeeman effect and Fabry-Perot Etalon. Apparatus Required: Fabry-Perot Etalon Spectrometer Electromagnet with regulated power
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Experiment 2: Study of Energy Flow and Helicity in Electromagnetic Fields Aim:To analyze the structure, flow, and conservation of energy and helicity in various electromagnetic field configurations; and to observe chiral modes, circular polarization, and magnetic helicity in guided systems. Apparatus Required: Electromagnetic wave simulation software/setup Waveguides or optical fibers Polarizers and analyzers Antennas and
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Experiment 1: Motion of Charged Particles & Electrostatic Oscillations Aim:To study the motion, reflection, and classification of charged particles in electric fields, and to simulate their trajectories using concepts like E×B drift, magnetic mirrors, Penning traps, and cyclotron motion under various field configurations. Apparatus Required: Charged particle simulator (software or hardware setup) E-field and B-field
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Stability Constant DETERMINATION प्रायोगिक कार्य संख्या – 2 (Unit II: Stability Constant) प्रयोग का नाम: Na₃[Fe(CN)₅ONO] परिसर की स्थायित्व स्थिरांक (stability constant) की गणना। 🎯 उद्देश्य (Aim): Na₃[Fe(CN)₅ONO] परिसर के लिए स्थायित्व स्थिरांक (formation constant, Kf) का निर्धारण करना। 📚 सैद्धांतिक पृष्ठभूमि (Theory): परिसर यौगिकों की स्थायित्व स्थिरांक, उनके आयन तथा लिगैंड के मध्य बनने
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