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semiconductor using the four-probe method 4th year right now

Practical Name: To determine the resistivity and energy band gap of a semiconductor using the four-probe method. Aim: To determine the resistivity and energy band gap (E<sub>g</sub>) of a semiconductor material using the Four-Probe Method. Apparatus Required: Four-probe setup Semiconductor wafer (e.g., germanium or silicon) Oven/Heater with temperature control Voltmeter and Ammeter Constant current source

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Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers

Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers 4th year right now

Practical Name: Study of Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers using IC 741 Aim: To study and compare the behavior of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using operational amplifier IC 741. Apparatus Required: Operational Amplifier IC 741 Resistors (R₁, Rf of suitable values) Dual DC Power Supply (+12V and -12V) Signal Generator Breadboard CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) /

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Helical (Magnetron) Method bsc

Helical (Magnetron) Method bsc 4th year right now

Experiment No. 5 Title: Determination of e/m of an electron by Helical (Magnetron) Method Aim: To determine the charge-to-mass ratio (e/m) of an electron by observing its helical motion in a magnetic field using a magnetron-type arrangement. Apparatus Required: Magnetron or helical electron beam apparatus Power supply (DC) Uniform magnetic field source (e.g., Helmholtz coil

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Michelson Interferometer bsc

Michelson Interferometer bsc 4th year right now

Experiment No. 4 Title: Determination of wavelength difference of sodium source using Michelson Interferometer Aim: To determine the difference in wavelengths (Δλ) between the D₁ and D₂ spectral lines of sodium using a Michelson Interferometer. Apparatus Required: Michelson Interferometer Sodium vapor lamp Rotating micrometer screw Lens and optical bench Screen or eyepiece Scale for fringe

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law of radiation using a photoelectric cell

law of radiation using a photoelectric cell 4th year right now

Experiment No. 3 Title: To study the inverse square law of radiation using a photoelectric cell Aim: To verify the inverse square law of radiation intensity using a photoelectric cell and a light source. Apparatus Required: Photoelectric cell Light source (lamp or LED) Ammeter (micro-ammeter) Ruler or scale Variable power supply Light intensity measuring setup

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