Experiment 1: Motion of Charged Particles & Electrostatic Oscillations
Aim:
To study the motion, reflection, and classification of charged particles in electric fields, and to simulate their trajectories using concepts like E×B drift, magnetic mirrors, Penning traps, and cyclotron motion under various field configurations.
Apparatus Required:
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Charged particle simulator (software or hardware setup)
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E-field and B-field generator
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Cathode ray tube or similar visualization unit
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Power supply
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Oscilloscope (optional)
Theory:
Charged particles exhibit different motions when subjected to electric and magnetic fields. These include:
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E×B Drift: Drift of particles perpendicular to both fields.
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Magnetic Mirror: Reflection in non-uniform magnetic fields.
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Penning Trap: Confinement using combined fields.
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Cyclotron Motion: Circular paths in a magnetic field.
Procedure:
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Set up the apparatus or simulation system for visualizing charged particle motion.
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Apply only the electric field and observe the linear motion of the particle.
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Add a perpendicular magnetic field and study the curved drift path.
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Increase the magnetic field gradually to observe reflection (mirror effect).
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Simulate a Penning trap and study the confined spiral motion.
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For the cyclotron setup, maintain constant B-field and observe circular motion.
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Record the path, behavior, and stability in each case.
Observation Table
| S. No. | Field Type Applied | Particle Behavior | Trajectory Observed | Additional Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Only Electric Field (E) | Linear acceleration | Straight line motion towards the -ve plate | Confirms electric force dominance |
| 2. | Electric + Magnetic Field (E ⊥ B) | Drift motion | Curved path (E×B drift) | Perpendicular drift observed |
| 3. | Varying Magnetic Field (mirror setup) | Reflection | Partial reflection at high B regions | The magnetic mirror effect is visible |
| 4. | Penning Trap configuration | Confinement | Spiral + axial motion | Stable trapping achieved |
| 5. | Cyclotron Field (constant B) | Circular Motion | Uniform circular path | Frequency matched theory |
Result
The motion of charged particles under different electric and magnetic field conditions was successfully observed:
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Straight motion in an electric field
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E×B drift with perpendicular fields
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Reflection in a varying magnetic field (mirror effect)
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Stable confinement in a Penning trap
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Circular motion under cyclotron conditions
These results are consistent with classical electrodynamics and are used in real-world applications like mass spectrometry, fusion reactors, and particle accelerators.
BSc 2nd Year Chemistry Major 1 Important Questions 2025 —
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“नीम के पत्तों में छिपा है एंटीबैक्टीरियल गुणों का राज!”
क्या आप जानते हैं कि नीम (Azadirachta indica) के पत्ते न केवल स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभकारी हैं, बल्कि बैक्टीरिया को भी मात देने की ताकत रखते हैं?
यह शोध, नीम के पत्तों से प्राप्त यौगिकों के प्रभावी एंटीबैक्टीरियल गुणों की गहरी जानकारी प्रदान करता है।
Dissertation Topic: “Neem (Azadirachta indica) के पत्तों से प्राप्त यौगिकों का एंटीबैक्टीरियल गुणों के लिए विश्लेषण”
यह शोध न केवल रसायन विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में नई जानकारी प्रस्तुत करता है, बल्कि प्राकृतिक उपचारों को वैज्ञानिक प्रमाणों के साथ जोड़ता है।
क्या आप भी नीम के गुणों पर आधारित नये उपचारों में रुचि रखते हैं?
यह Dissertation आपके ज्ञान को नई दिशा दे सकता है।
खरीदने के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें:
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