Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers 4th year right now

Practical Name:

Study of Inverting and Non-inverting Amplifiers using IC 741

Aim:

To study and compare the behavior of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using operational amplifier IC 741.

Apparatus Required:

• Operational Amplifier IC 741

• Resistors (R₁, Rf of suitable values)

• Dual DC Power Supply (+12V and -12V)

• Signal Generator

• Breadboard

• CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) / Digital Oscilloscope

• Connecting Wires

Theory:

Inverting Amplifier

In this configuration, the input signal is applied to the inverting terminal of the op-amp through resistor R₁. The non-inverting terminal is grounded. The output is fed back to the inverting terminal through the feedback resistor Rf.The 
Voltage Gain of the inverting amplifier is:

$$A_v = -\frac{Rf}{R_1}$$

 

​

The output is 180° out of phase with the input.

Non-Inverting Amplifier

In this configuration, the input signal is applied to the non-inverting terminal, and feedback is given from the output to the inverting terminal through Rf. A resistor R₁ is connected between the inverting terminal and ground.The 
Voltage Gain of a non-inverting amplifier is:

$$A_v = 1 + \frac{Rf}{R_1}$$

 

​

The output is in phase with the input.

Circuit Diagrams:

(1) Inverting Amplifier
(Already provided above. You can reuse the previous diagram.)

(2) Non-Inverting Amplifier
(See the diagram below.)

Procedure:

1. Connect the inverting amplifier circuit on the breadboard using IC 741.

2. Apply the dual DC power supply (+12V and -12V) to the op-amp.

3. Apply a sine wave (e.g., 1 kHz, 1V peak) from the signal generator.

4. Observe input and output waveforms on the CRO and measure their amplitudes.

5. Calculate gain and note phase difference.

6. Repeat steps 1–5 for the non-inverting amplifier configuration.

7. Compare the gain and phase relationship between the two configurations.

Observations:

Calculations:

• Inverting Gain:

$$A_v = -\frac{5k\Omega}{1k\Omega} = -5$$

 

 

• Non-Inverting Gain:

$$A_v = 1 + \frac{5k\Omega}{1k\Omega} = 6$$

 

 

Result:

Both inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits were successfully implemented using IC 741. The observed gains and phase relationships matched theoretical predictions.

Conclusion:

• The inverting amplifier produces an output that is inverted (180° out of phase) with respect to the input and has gain

  $-Rf/R₁$−Rf/R1​.

• The non-inverting amplifier produces an output that is in phase with the input and has gain

  $1 + Rf/R₁$1+Rf/R1​.

• The performance of both circuits confirms the theoretical design.

Precautions:

1. Verify all connections before powering the circuit.

2. Use precise resistor values.

3. Avoid loose connections on the breadboard.

4. Ensure proper grounding for noise-free output.

BSc 2nd Year Chemistry Major 1 Important Questions 2025 —

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क्या आप जानते हैं कि नीम (Azadirachta indica) के पत्ते न केवल स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभकारी हैं, बल्कि बैक्टीरिया को भी मात देने की ताकत रखते हैं?

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